Martijn Schaap

Research interests

My main interest in the fields of air quality and climate change is particulate matter or aerosols. I am broadly interested in the origin and fate of aerosols in the lower atmosphere. I consider myself as a generalist, although some specialisation is inherent to science. This means that I like to combine several sources of information and explains why I chose to focus on modelling. At the moment my main interests are to explain the gap between modelled and onbserved concentrations of carbonaceous aerosols and nitrate aerosol formation.

At TNO we try gain more knowledge on the sources and sinks of particulate matter by combining information from models and measurements. From the modelling perspective I work on the regional chemistry transport model LOTOS-EUROS. The analysis of measured data include in-situ observations of aerosol composition but also satellite retrieved aerosol optical depth (AOD). Our modelling work is validated using these observations. In addition, we try to integrate the measured information into the model simulations using a mathematical technique called data assimilation.

At the moment my main activities are:

Development of the LOTOS-EUROS chemistry transport model
Data assimilation of satellite retrieved Aerosol Optical Depth and ground based measurements
Analysis of experimental data on PM/aerosol composition

List of publications

In press

The LOTOS-EUROS model: description, validation and latest developments

M. Schaap F. Sauter, R.M.A. Timmermans, M. Roemer, G. Velders, J. Beck and P.J.H. Builtjes

Int. J. Environmental Pollution, in press, 2005

A revised estimate of copper emissions from road transport in UNECE Europe and its impact on predicted copper concentrations

H.A.C. Denier van der Gon, J.H.J. Hulskotte, A.J.H. Visschedijk, M. Schaap

Atmospheric Environment, in press.

A methodology to constrain the potential source strength of various soil dust sources contributing to atmpsheric PM10 connentrations

H.A.C. Denier van der Gon, M. Schaap, A.J.H. Visschedijk, E. Hendriks

Landbauforschung Völkenrode, 308, xxx-xxx, in press.

2007

On the variability of Black Smoke and carbonaceous aerosols in the Netherlands

M. Schaap and H.A..C. Denier van der Gon

Atmospheric Environment, 41, 5908-5920

SCALE ISSUES IN AEROSOL MODELLING: A CASE STUDY ON CHEMICAL AND OPTICAL PROPERTIES OVER THE GREATER MILAN AREA

A. de Meij, S. Wagner, N. Gobron, P. Thunis, C. Cuvelier, F. Dentener, M. Schaap

Atmospheric Research, 85, 243-267

Evaluation of long-term ozone simulations from seven regional air quality models and their ensemble average,

M. van Loon, R. Vautard, M. Schaap, R. Bergström, B. Bessagnet, J. Brandt, P.J.H. Builtjes, J. H. Christensen, K. Cuvelier, A. Graf, J.E. Jonson, M. Krol, J. Langner, P. Roberts, L. Rouil, R. Stern, L. Tarrasón, P. Thunis, E. Vignati, L. White, P. Wind (2007),

Atmospheric Environment, 41 (10), 2083-2097

CityDelta: A model intercomparison study to explore the impact of emission reductions in European cities in 2010

C. Cuvelier, P. Thunis, R. Vautard, M. Amann, B. Bessagnet, M. Bedogni, R. Berkowicz, J. Brandt, F. Brocheton, P. Builtjes, A. Coppalle, B. Denby, G. Douros, A. Graf, O. Hellmuth, C. Honoré, A. Hodzic, J. Jonson, A. Kerschbaumer, F. de Leeuw, E. Minguzzi, N. Moussiopoulos, C. Pertot, G. Pirovano, L. Rouil, M. Schaap, F.Sauter, R. Stern, L. Tarrason, E. Vignati, M. Volta, L. White, P. Wind, A. Zuber

Atmospheric Environment, 41, 189-207

Evaluation and intercomparison of Ozone and PM10 simulations by several chemistry-transport models over 4 european cities within the City-Delta project

Vautard, R., Builtjes, P. H. J., Thunis, P., Cuvelier, K., Bedogni, M., Bessagnet, B., Honoré, C., Moussiopoulos, N., Pirovano G., Schaap, M., Stern, R., Tarrason, L., Van Loon, M.

Atmospheric Environment, 41, 173-188

Analysis of model responses to emission-reduction scenarios within the CityDelta project

P. Thunis, L. Rouil, C. Cuvelier, R. Stern, A. Kerschbaumer, B. Bessagnet, M. Schaap, P. Builtjes, L. Tarrason, J. Douros, N. Moussiopoulos, G. Pirovano and M. Bedogni

Atmospheric Environment, 41, 208-220

2006

Is regional air quality model diversity representative of uncertainty for ozone simulation?,

R. Vautard, M. van Loon, M. Schaap, R. Bergström, B. Bessagnet, J. Brandt, P.J.H. Builtjes, J. H. Christensen, K. Cuvelier, A. Graf, J.E. Jonson, M. Krol, J. Langner, P. Roberts, L. Rouil, R. Stern1, L. Tarrasón, P. Thunis, E. Vignati, L. White, P. Wind (2006),

Geophys. Res. Lett., 33, L24818,doi:10.1029/2006GL027610

Statistical mapping of PM10 concentrations over Western Europe using secondary information from dispersion modeling and MODIS satellite observations,

J. van de Kassteele, R.B.A. Koelemeijer, A.L.M. Dekkers, M. Schaap, C.D. Homan, A. Stein

Stoch Environ Res Risk Assess, DOI 10.1007/s00477-006-0055-4

2004

Anthropogenic Black Carbon and Fine Aerosol Distribution over Europe

M. Schaap, H.A.C. Denier Van Der Gon, F.J. Dentener, A.J.H. Visschedijk, M. Van Loon, H.M. Ten Brink, J-P Putaud, B. Guillaume, C. Liousse and P.J.H. Builtjes

J. Geophys. Res., 109, D18201, doi: 10.1029/2003JD004330

Artefacts in the sampling of nitrate studied in the INTERCOMP campaigns of EUROTRAC-AEROSOL

M. Schaap, G. Spindler, M. Schulz, K. Acker, W. Maenhaut, A. Berner, W. Wieprecht, N. Streit, K. Mueller, E. Brüggemann, J-P. Putaud, H. Puxbaum, U. Baltensperger, H. M. ten Brink

Atmos. Environ., 48, 6487-6496

Secondary inorganic aerosol simulations for Europe with special attention to nitrate

M. Schaap, M. van Loon, H.M. ten Brink, F.D. Dentener, P.J.H. Builtjes

Atmos. Phys. Chem., 4, 857-874

The need for ammonia abatement with respect to secondary PM reductions in Europe

J.W. Erisman and M. Schaap

Environmental Pollution, 129, 159-163